A Retrospective Analysis of Disease-free Survival of 2332 Cases of Cancer of the Oral Tongue from a Single Institute in Eastern India from 1998-2017

Background : Over half the patients of Oral Tongue Cancers in India present with locally advanced disease and Nodal Metastasis. Additionally many of them avoid surgical intervention due to fear or belief that Cancer is a Death Sentence.Materials and Methods : A Retrospective analysis of all Oral Tongue Cancer patients treated at Mahavir Cancer Sansthan from 1998 to 2017 was done. The primary aim was to find the Disease Free Survival (DFS) rates of these patients. The secondary aim was to examine if surgical excision improved DFS rates. Results : The mean DFS for all stages was 51 months varying from 90 months in stage 1 to 30 months in stage 4. One in every three patients survived without recurrence of disease for more than five years. The addition of surgical excision at any stage of Cancer, when possible, resulted in a significant increase in DFS.

Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence in sentinel lymph node biopsy for early-stage tongue cancer and oropharyngeal cancer / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Occult cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important reason for recurrence of early-stage tongue cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. Cervical sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy may help to identify them. Pigment dyes and radionuclide were used to label SLN. Both of them had shortage. This study aims to investigate the application and clinical value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in cervical SLN biopsy for patients with early-stage tongue cancer and oropharyngeal cancer.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was conducted on 23 patients with early tongue cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, who received surgical treatment and used indocyanine green as a tracer to find SLN in Hunan Cancer Hospital from April to October 2021. The detection rate of SLN was calculated and the distribution of SLN in different regions of the neck was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#SLN was successfully identified in 22 of 23 patients, with a detection rate of 95.65%. Among these 22 patients, 3 patients were found to have cancer metastasis, and the rate of occult lymph node metastasis was 13.63%. No pathologically positive lymph nodes were detected in SLN-negative patients, and thus the positive predictive rate was 100%. For patients with primary lesions located in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the constituent ratios of SLN in neck area I, II, III, and IV were 15.15%, 71.72%, 13.13%, and 0, respectively. For patients with primary lesions located in base of the tongue, the constituent ratios of SLN in neck area I, II, III, and IV were 0, 44.44%, 44.44%, and 11.12%, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging has a high detection rate with accurate positive prediction in the anterior cervical SLN biopsy in patients with early-stage tongue cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. Meanwhile, it can also reflect the lymphatic drainage of tumors located at different primary sites, which has high clinical value.

Prevalence of Lip and Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Scc) at a Pathological Anatomy Service in Northeast Brazil

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to trace an epidemiological and clinical profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases diagnosed as lip and tongue SCC from June 2001 to 2018 at a pathology anatomy service located in Northeastern Brazil. Age, sex, duration, location, growth type, staining, metastasis, etiologic agents and lesion size data were obtained fr om patient clinical files and histopathological reports. A total of 124 cases were recorded, with tongue SCC being the most preval ent. The common characteristics of both assessed SCCs included higher frequency in men, mean age of 60 years old, evidence mostly of exophytic lesions and maximum size of 4 cm, predominantly diagnosed after a maximum of 1 year of appearance. Regarding divergent findings, lip SCC occurred mostly in the lower portion of the lip, presenting a predominantly leukoplastic color, with regular smoking habits and sunlight identified as the main etiological agents, and no strong relation to metastasis. On the other hand, tongue SCC mostly exhibiting predominantly erythroleukoplastic staining, with a greater relationship to alcohol - associated smoking and regular smoking habits. The highest percentage of patients with metastasis presented tongue SCC. Although lip and tongue SCC display a male preference, an increasing amount of female involvement has been noted over the years, due to the adoption of deleterious habits such as smoking and alcoholism. Tongue SCC presented a greater relationship with metastasis and clinical leukoeritroplastic evidence. This greater aggressiveness could be related to the unfavorable locat ion of these lesions in relation to lip SCC, sometimes making it difficult to identify in their early development stages.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue rastrear un perfil epidemiológico y clínico de los casos de carcinoma oral de células escamosas (CCE) diagnosticados como CCE de labios y lengua entre junio de 2001 y 2018 en un servicio de anatomía patológica ubicado en el Noreste de Brasil. Los datos de edad, sexo, duración, ubicación, tipo de crecimiento, tinción, metástasis, agentes etiológicos y tamaño de la lesión se obtuvieron de los archivos clínicos de los pacientes y los informes histopatológicos. Se revisaron un total de 124 casos, siendo el CCE de lengua el más prevalente. Las características comunes de ambos CCE evaluados incluyeron mayor frecuencia en hombres, edad promedio de 60 años, evidencia mayoritariamente de lesiones exofíticas y tamaño máximo de 4 cm, diagnosticado predominantemente después de un máximo de 1 año de aparición. En cuanto a los hallazgos divergentes, el CCE labial se presentó mayoritariamente en la porción inferior del labio, presentando un color predominantemente leucoplásico, con el hábito de fumar habitualmente y la luz solar identificados como los principales agentes etiológicos, sin una fuerte relación con las metástasis. Por otro lado, el CEC de la lengua presenta en su mayoría tinción predominantemente eritroleucoplásica, con una mayor relación con el tabaquismo asociado con el alcohol y con los hábitos habituales de tabaquismo. El mayor porcentaje de pacientes con metástasis presentó CCE de lengua. Aunque el CCE de labios y lengua muestra una preferencia en hombres, se ha observado una cantidad cada vez mayor prevalencia en mujeres a lo largo de los años, debido a la adopción de hábitos nocivos como el tabaquismo y el alcoholismo. El CCE de lengua presentó una mayor relación con la metástasis y la evidencia clínica leucoeritroplásica. Esta mayor agresividad podría estar relacionada con la ubicación desfavorable de estas lesiones en relación al CCE labial, dificultando en ocasiones su identificación en sus primeras etapas de desarrollo.

Reconstrucción lingual con colgajo libre radial: A propósito de un caso

Resumen El cáncer de lengua es una patología con una importante morbilidad e impacto en la calidad de vida del paciente, afectando la masticación, deglución, comunicación y gusto, por lo que requiere de un equipo multidisciplinario para establecer la rehabilitación adecuada. Se necesita realizar resecciones amplias para asegurar márgenes negativos, y si el cirujano considera que existe un volumen remanente insuficiente para obliterar la cavidad oral, la realización de un colgajo será necesario para mantener la función deglutoria. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 76 años, masculino, con antecedentes de tabaquismo suspendido hace 23 años, que presenta una lesión ulcerada dolorosa en el borde derecho de la lengua móvil, la biopsia informa un carcinoma epidermoide, etapificado T2N0M0, por lo que se decide realizar hemiglosectomía derecha más disección cervical y reconstrucción con colgajo libre radial.

Abstract Tongue cancer is a pathology with significant morbidity and impact on the quality of life of the patients. It affects chewing, swallowing, communication, and taste. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team is required to establish adequate rehabilitation. Extensive resections are needed to ensure negative margins. If the surgeon considers that there is insufficient remaining volume to obliterate the oral cavity, flap surgery will be carried out to maintain the swallowing function. We present a case report of a 76-year-old male patient with a history of smoking cessation of 23 years. He presents a painful ulcerated lesion on the right edge of the mobile tongue. The biopsy reports an epidermoid carcinoma, staged T2N0M0 which led to perform a right hemiglosectomy, cervical dissection, and reconstruction with free radial forearm flap.

Mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014

Abstract Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is considered a public health problem in several countries due to its high incidence and mortality rate. Objective: This study aimed to analyze oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014 by age, sex and country region. Methodology: A time series ecological study using secondary data was performed. Data on mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancers were obtained from the Vital Statistics Department of Uruguay's Ministry of Public Health. Results: The cumulative mortality rate due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer over the study period was of 19.26/100,000 persons in women and 83.61/100.000 in men, with a mean annual rate of 1.75/100,000 in women and 7.60/100,000 in men. Mortality rate from both sites during the study period was 4.34 times higher in men than in women. Malignant neoplasms of other parts of the tongue and base of tongue showed the highest mortality rate. The means of the annual coefficients of deaths were higher for the age groups between 50 and 69 years. Higher mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were observed in Artigas (4.63) and Cerro Largo (3.75). Conclusions: Our study described a high mortality rate for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014. According to the country's health department, men, tongue cancer, and oral cavity had higher mortality rates, with some variation. Prevention strategies with control of risk factors and early diagnosis are necessary to improve survival in the Uruguayan population.

Whole-course, individualized, and standardized sequential nutrition therapy for radical resection of tongue cancer: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the main treatments for tongue cancer, but the nutritional status of patients is not considered. Nutritional treatment is often not standard or by experience. This article reports a patient with tongue cancer who underwent preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative nutrition treatment. The entire process of individualized and sequential nutrition therapy was adopted, and the nutritional status of the patient was significantly improved. This paper describes the methods of nutrition therapy and evaluation and discusses the treatment process and key points in combination with relevant literature.

Toxic effect and mechanism of bis-benzylidine piperidon and proteasome inhibitor on tongue cancer cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the toxic effects dibenzylidene piperidine RA190 and proteasome inhibitor MG132 on tongue cancer cell line CAL27 and TCA8113 and its mechanisms. Methods Different concentrations of RA190 or MG132 were exposed to tongue cancer cells for 24 hours. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the survival of CAL27 and TCA8113 cells, and flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis of different groups of tongue cancer cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression of ADRM1, Cyclin B1, Bak and Bax protein in each group. Results The semi-inhibitory (IC

Carcinoma epidermoide de lengua / Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Introducción: El carcinoma epidermoide (CE) denominado también de células escamosas, epitelioma espinocelular o carcinoma de células planas es el tumor de la cavidad oral más frecuente, seguido del adenocarcinoma; representa el 3% de todos los canceres del mundo (7,7: 100 000 habitantes), y entre un 2% y 5% de los tumores malignos del organismo. Reporte de caso: paciente masculino de 64 años de edad, quien consulto por una lesión en cavidad oral de 5 meses de evolución, la cual aumento de volumen en las últimas semanas, localizado en el borde lateral izquierdo de la lengua que dificultaba su alimentación. En la exploración intraoral se observa lengua con aumento de volumen en tercio medio del borde lateral izquierdo con tumoración exofitica de aproximadamente 1,5 x 1,5 cm., lobulada y bordes delimitados, consistencia firme, dolorosa a la palpación media y profunda; se realiza TAC de cabeza, cuello y tórax sin evidencia de metástasis ganglionar y pulmonar. Se realiza biopsia tipo incisional para estudio histopatológico en donde se le estadifico como un carcinoma epidermoide de lengua poco diferenciado T1 N0 M0, estadio I. Conclusión: El carcinoma epidermoide es una neoplasia frecuente, que cursa con escasos sintomas lo cual origina que se presente en estadios avanzados al momento del diagnostico, su importancia radica en la elevada mortalidad que presenta debido a la diseminacion metastasica cervical. (AU)

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), also called squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell epithelioma or flat cell carcinoma, is the most common oral cavity tumor, followed by adenocarcinoma; it represents 3% of all cancers in the world (7.7: 100 000 population), and between 2% and 5% of malignant tumors of the organism. Report case: male patient of 64 years of age, who consulted for a lesion in the oral cavity of 5 months of evolution, which increased in volume in recent weeks, located on the left lateral edge of the tongue that made it difficult their feeding. In the intraoral examination, tongue with volume increase was observed in the middle third of the left lateral border with exophytic tumor of approximately 1.5 x 1.5 cm, lobed and delimited edges, firm consistency, painful to medium and deep palpation; CT of the head, neck and thorax is performed without evidence of lymph node and pulmonary metastasis. An inc i s iona l t ype biops y wa s performed for histopathological study where he was classified as a squamous cell carcinoma with a poorly differentiated tongue T1 N0 M0, stage I. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is a frequent neoplasm, which presents with few symptoms, which causes it to present in advanced stages. At the time of diagnosis, its importance lies in the high mortality it presents due to cervical metastatic dissemination. (AU)

Inhibitory effect of asiatic acid on proliferation and apoptosis of TCA-8113 human tongue carel inoma cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of asiatic acid(AA) on the proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of human tongue carcinoma TCA-8113 cells, and the possible mechanism. Methods The inhibitory effect of AA(0, 20, 30, 40, 50 pjnol • L"1) at different concentrations on TCA-8113 cells for 24 h was determined by MTT. The effect of AA on the colony formation rate of TCA-8113 cells was detected by colony formation test; The apoptosis of TCA-8113 cells by AA was detected by Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of protein in human tongue cancer cells, such as bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, p53 and p21 proteins were detected by Western blot. Results The inhibitory rate of AA on TCA-8113 cells was concentration-dependent (P < 0.05), with the IC50 concentration of 42. 13 (xmol • L- 1, and the ability of cell colony formation decreased. The apoptosis rate increased with the increase of AA concentration (P < 0. 05). The concentration of AA 30 u.mol -L"1 gradually blocked the cell cycle in G2/M phase. Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of p53, p21 and Bax increased, while Bcl-2 decreased in a dose-dependent effect (P<0. 05). Conclusions AA can significantly inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of human tongue carcinoma TCA-8113 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of p53 pathway related proteins p53, p21, Bax and the inhibition of Bcl-2 expression, and AA can arrest TCA-8113 cells cycle in G2/M phase.

Preliminary study on the apoptosis mechanism of microwave ablation in tongue cancer Cal-27 cell transplanted tumor in nude mice / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To study the apoptosis mechanism of microwave ablation (MA) in tongue cancer Cal-27 cell transplanted tumor in nude mice. Methods: 20 nude mice with Cal-27 cell subcutaneously transplanted tumor were randomly divided into blank control group, 50 ℃ 1 min MA group, 50 ℃ 2 min MA group and 55 ℃ 2 min MA group (n = 5) respecitvely, and were treated with MA with indiated perameters respectively. The apoptosis of tumor cells was observed by HE staining. The expression of Caspase-3 and PCNA protein was detected by immunohistochemical SP method. Results: HE staining showed that microwave ablation induced apoptosis of the tumor cells. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of Caspase-3 protein was significantly up-regulated in the microwave ablation groups compared with the control group (P ＜ 0. 05), and the expression of PCNA protein was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0. 05) . In microwave ablation 55 ℃ 2 min group, the expression of Caspase-3 protein was increased more (P ＜0. 01), and the expression of PCNA protein was decreased more (P ＜ 0. 01) . Conclusion: Microwave ablation may inhibite the proliferation of tongue cancer cells by inducing apoptosis of the cells. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of Caspase-3 signaling pathway and down-regulation of PCNA signaling pathway.

Survival and Functional Outcome after Treatment for Primary Base of Tongue Cancer: A Comparison of Definitive Chemoradiotherapy versus Surgery Followed by Adjuvant Radiotherapy / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes in patients with primary base of tongue (BOT) cancer who received definitive radiotherapy (RT) or surgery followed by radiotherapy (SRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2002 and December 2016, 102 patients with stage I-IVB primary BOT cancer underwent either definitive RT (n=46) or SRT (n=56), and treatment outcomes were compared between two groups. The expression of p16 was also analyzed. RESULTS: The RT group had more patients with advanced T stage (T3-4) disease (58.7% vs. 35.7%, p=0.021) and who received chemotherapy (91.3% vs. 37.5%, p < 0.001) than the SRT group. At a median follow up of 36.9 months (range, 3.3 to 181.5 months), the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 75.5% and 68.7%, respectively. With respect to treatment group, the 5-year OS and DFS in the RT and SRT groups did not differ significantly (OS, 68.7% vs. 80.5%, p=0.601; DFS, 63.1% vs. 73.1%, p=0.653). In multivariate analysis, OS differed significantly according to p16 expression (p16-negative vs. p16-positive; hazard ratio [HR], 0.145; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.025 to 0.853; p=0.033). Regarding DFS, p16 expression (p16-negative vs. p16-positive; HR, 0.164; 95% CI, 0.045 to 0.598; p=0.006) showed a significant effect in multivariate analysis. Functional defects (late grade ≥ 3 dysphagia or voice alteration) were more frequently reported in the SRT than in the RT group (16.1% vs. 2.2%, p=0.021). CONCLUSION: Despite advanced disease, patients in the RT group showed comparable survival outcomes and better functional preservation than those in the SRT group.

Sentinel Lymph Node Centered Selective Neck Dissection Does Not Have Benefits Over Supraomohyoid Neck Dissection in Patients with cT1T2N0 Tongue Cancer / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of sentinel node centered selective neck dissection in patients with early stage tongue cancer (T1T2N0). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Lymphoscintigraphy was performed for 12 patients, subsequently followed by sentinel node centered selective neck dissection. The location of the sentinel node, pathological confirmation of node metastasis, and follow-up recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 19 sentinel lymph nodes were identified. Of these, 18 were located in levels I to III, and one in level IV. After surgery, 3 patients (25%) were diagnosed with neck node metastasis: two experienced sentinel node metastasis and one experienced skipped metastasis. During follow-up, 3 of the 12 patients (25%) experienced recurrence. CONCLUSION: The recurrence of lymph node could be covered with supraomohyoid neck dissection, which indicates that it has superiority over sentinel node centered selective neck dissection in preventing recurrence in T1T2N0 tongue cancer patients.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with tongue cancer using palatal augmentation prosthesis and mandibular implant-retained overdenture: A case report / 대한치과보철학회지

The tongue, especially its lateral part, is the most common site of oral tumors. Patients who undergo glossectomy for the treatment of tongue cancer may experience difficulty in proper functioning for pronunciation, chewing, swallowing, and oral hygiene maintenance; therefore, a palatal augmentation prosthesis can be used to restore function of the tongue. In this case, an implant overdenture was used in a patient who had residual ridge resorption and obliteration of alveololingual sulcus after undergoing glossectomy for tongue cancer treatment. In addition, a palatal augmentation prosthesis with a metal framework, support, and retention part was fabricated. The palatal vault was reduced, so that even with limited tongue movement, adequate tongue-palate contact could be achieved. After placement of the definitive prostheses, the patient showed improvement in the functions of chewing, swallowing, and pronunciation.

Identification of ITGA3 as an Oncogene in Human Tongue Cancer via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Human tongue cancer (TC) is an aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis.There is an urgent need to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in TC progression.mRNA expression profiles play a vital role in the exploration of cancer-related genes.Therefore,the purpose of our study was to identify the progression associated candidate genes of TC by bioinformatics analysis.Five microarray datasets of TC samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the data of 133 TC patients were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) database.The integrated analysis of five microarray datasets and the RNA sequencing data of TC samples in TCGA-HNSC was performed to obtain 1023 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TC and adjacent normal tissue (ANT) samples.Next,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to enrich the significant pathways of the 1023 DEGs and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (P=0.011) was selected to be the candidate pathway.A total of 23 DEGs with |log2 fold change (FC)｜ ≥1.0 in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-serine/threonine kinase (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway were subjected to survival analysis of 125 eligible TC samples in TCGA database,indicating increased integrin-α3 gene (ITGA3) expression was significantly associated with poorer prognosis.Taken together,our study suggested ITGA3 may facilitate the development of TC via activating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Identification of ITGA3 as an Oncogene in Human Tongue Cancer via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Human tongue cancer (TC) is an aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis.There is an urgent need to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in TC progression.mRNA expression profiles play a vital role in the exploration of cancer-related genes.Therefore,the purpose of our study was to identify the progression associated candidate genes of TC by bioinformatics analysis.Five microarray datasets of TC samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the data of 133 TC patients were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) database.The integrated analysis of five microarray datasets and the RNA sequencing data of TC samples in TCGA-HNSC was performed to obtain 1023 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TC and adjacent normal tissue (ANT) samples.Next,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to enrich the significant pathways of the 1023 DEGs and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (P=0.011) was selected to be the candidate pathway.A total of 23 DEGs with |log2 fold change (FC)｜ ≥1.0 in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-serine/threonine kinase (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway were subjected to survival analysis of 125 eligible TC samples in TCGA database,indicating increased integrin-α3 gene (ITGA3) expression was significantly associated with poorer prognosis.Taken together,our study suggested ITGA3 may facilitate the development of TC via activating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

The risk factor and clinical type of tongue cancer / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

@#The incidence of oral cancer is differed in the world. Oral cancer incidence was high in Melanesia, South-Central Asia, East and Central European countries,3 while it was likely to be low in Africa, East Asia, and Central American countries. Our study purpose was to determine the risk factor of tongue cancer and to study between correlation T, N stage and type of tongue cancer. The study was carried out by retrospective method, by using the medical reports obtained from the National Cancer Center of Mongolia. This study, based on retrospective method was conducted from medical reports of 68 patients who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Radio and Chemotherapy of the National Cancer Center of Mongolia between 2005 and 2014. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software; descriptive and detailed statistical analysis was made. Assumptions were examined by H2 testing method; it shall be statistically significant when P value is less than 0,05. The median age of the 68 patients at diagnosis was 58 years (range=31-85 years) and were 57% (39) men, 43% (29) women with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Of 37 patients who were tobacco users 66.7% (26) were male, 37.9% (11) were female, among the alcohol consumers (35.9% (14) were male, 10.3% (3) female). This difference between male and female consumption was significantly different according to the test Pearson p=0.019 for tobacco, p=0.016 for alcohol. There was trend toward more higher N stages in endophytic tumors, with 69.3%, in ulcerative tumors, with 66.7% of these cases presenting with nodel involvement, 45% of patients with exophytic tumors. Our study showed that oral tongue cancer in majority occur in fifth and sixth of life and with a male predominance. Smoking and drinking alcohols are two major risk factors for SCC of tongue cancer. Although not significant, it has been suggested that endophytic tumors have a higher propensity to metastasize to cervical lymph nodes than exophytic tumors.

Effects of palatal augmentation prosthesis in oropharyngeal dysphagia in Chilean patients with tongue cancer: Cases report

ABSTRACT: Therapy of malignant neoplasms of the tongue or oropharynx may cause dysphagia. Dysphagia in patients has negative significant social and psychological consequences. The six cases reports describe the effect of palatal augmentation prosthesis (PAP) on the management of dysphagia in patients with oral-pharyngeal cancer and as consequence of its treatment. The study also assesses PAP's effects on the quality of life of such patients.

Therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel or paclitaxel liposome via arterial or venous perfusion in the treatment of rabbits tongue cancer / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of the treatment for rabbit VX-2 tongue cancer with paclitaxel or paclitaxel liposome infusion through rabbit lingual artery or ear vein infusion.Methods:24 rabbits with VX-2 tongue cancer were divided into 6 groups(n =40) randomly.The rabits in 3 groups were respectively treated by intra-arterial infusion with paclitaxel,paclitaxel liposome and 5％ glucose,and those in other 3 groups by ear vein infusion with the same materials.After 7 days of treatment,the lesion volumes were measured for response evaluation,cells apotosis in the cancer tissure was detected by llowcytometry,P53 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining,respectively.The data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software package.Results:The response rate and apotosis of the tumor cells in intra-arterial infusion with paclitaxel liposome group were higher than those in the other groups(P ＜ 0.05),P53 protein expression was lower than that of the other groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Intra-arterial infusion through tongue artery with paclitaxel liposome is more effective than the other methods in the treatment of rabbit VX-2 tongue cancer.

CLINICAL FEATURES AND SITE DISTRIBUTION OF TONGUE CANCER / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

@#BACKGROUND: The incidence of oral cancer is differed in the world. Oral cancer incidence was high in Melanesia, South-Central Asia, East and Central European countries,3 while it was likely to be low in Africa, East Asia, and Central American countries. METHODS: The study was carried out by retrospective method, by using the medical reports obtained from the National Cancer Center of Mongolia. This study, based on retrospective method was conducted from medical reports of 68 patients who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Radio and Chemotherapy of the National Cancer Center of Mongolia between 2005 and 2014. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software; descriptive and detailed statistical analysis was made. Assumptions were examined by H2 testing method; it shall be statistically significant when P value is less than 0,05. RESULTS: The median age of the 68 patients at diagnosis was 58 years (range=31-85 years) and were 57% (39) men, 43% (29) women with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1 The most common cancer sub-sites reported were lateral border (60%) Considering the composite stage of the disease, 25% patients were in early stages (I-8.8% and II-16.2%) whereas 75% were in advanced stages (III- 36.8%, IVA- 20.6%, IVB-17.6%). At the time of presentation, majority of the patients had T3 lesions 44.1%, followed by T1 in 11.8%, T2 in 29.4%, T4 in 14.7%. Regional lymph node involvement was present in 54.4% (N1-25%, N2-17.6%, N3-11.8%) Considering the correlation between tumor size and cervical lymph node metastasis was present in 25% of of T1 tumours, 45% of T2 tumours, 66.7% of T3 tumours 60% of T4 tumours. There was no correlation between the tumor size at the primary site (T-status), and the presence of lymphatic spread (N-status) p=0.357. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that oral tongue cancer is majority occur in fifth and sixth of life and with a male predominance. Tongue cancer had more occurred at the lateral border (60%) and majority of the incidence (75%) is in the advanced stages III or IV. Based on the data in this study, it is possible to conclude that health education and health promotion must be encouraged by public health policies in order to diagnose in early stage and reduce the incidence and mortality rates of tongue cancer.

Treatment of Tongue Cancer in Patient with Fanconi's Anemia / 대한이비인후과학회지

Fanconi's anemia is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by congenital abnormalities and anaplastic anemia. Patients with this disorder has predisposition for leukemia, specifically acute myeloid leukemia. Risk for head and neck solid tumors are also increased. Head and neck cancers in patients with Fanconi's anemia are significantly different from those in patients without Fanconi's anemia in frequency, distribution, clinical course, and treatment. Therefore, we report a case of 23-year-old male with Fanconi's anemia, who presented with an oral tongue cancer treated with radical excision, bilateral neck dissection and careful postoperative radiation therapy.